Video from ECR 2019: Elmar Kotter on AI and radiology

Mar 1, 2019

When it comes to artificial intelligence (AI), what are the main challenges and ethical considerations from a radiologist's perspective? Is the clinical validation of AI still lacking? What's the radiologist's role after integrating AI? Dr. Elmar Kotter from Freiburg, Germany, provides some answers.

When it comes to artificial intelligence (AI), what are the main challenges and ethical considerations from a radiologist's perspective? Is the clinical validation of AI still lacking? What's the radiologist's role after integrating AI? Dr. Elmar Kotter from Freiburg, Germany, provides some answers.
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There are several conceivable advantages of F-18 FDG PET/CT over conventional imaging. Image A and B showing an example of the distinctive capability of the F-18 FDG PET/CT. A shows a fusion image of F-18 FDG PET/CT and low-dose CT and B an high resolution chest CT of a patient with an Aspergillus infection. The suspected aspergilloma is concealed on the high resolution CT due to the lung fluids and consolidation. Image C and D (fusion image of F-18 FDG PET/CT and low-dose CT and low-dose CT only, respectively) are examples of the ability to image inflammation while no concurrent abnormalities are visualized, in this case prostatitis (red arrows). Image E, a maximized intensity projection of F-18 FDG PET, shows a patient with lung infections and multiple muscle abscesses after MRSA sepsis. This is an illustrative example of a relevant dissemination investigation. Image and caption available for republishing under Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0 DEED, Attribution 4.0 International) and courtesy of Annals of Intensive Care.
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1Each lung has been split into three parts. Each area has been given a score between 0 and 3. Score values are shown in Ultrasonograms to match 4 different patterns. During a longitudinal scan with a high-resolution linear probe, pictures of patterns were taken. The scores are as follows: 0 means A pattern, 1 means B pattern, 2 means severe B pattern, and 3 means extended consolidation. Images available for publishing under a creative commons license, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
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PET/CT reveals new infections in ICU patients
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F-18 FDG-PET/CT is a valuable approach for diagnosing unknown infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
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There are several conceivable advantages of F-18 FDG PET/CT over conventional imaging. Image A and B showing an example of the distinctive capability of the F-18 FDG PET/CT. A shows a fusion image of F-18 FDG PET/CT and low-dose CT and B an high resolution chest CT of a patient with an Aspergillus infection. The suspected aspergilloma is concealed on the high resolution CT due to the lung fluids and consolidation. Image C and D (fusion image of F-18 FDG PET/CT and low-dose CT and low-dose CT only, respectively) are examples of the ability to image inflammation while no concurrent abnormalities are visualized, in this case prostatitis (red arrows). Image E, a maximized intensity projection of F-18 FDG PET, shows a patient with lung infections and multiple muscle abscesses after MRSA sepsis. This is an illustrative example of a relevant dissemination investigation. Image and caption available for republishing under Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0 DEED, Attribution 4.0 International) and courtesy of Annals of Intensive Care.
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(A) Representative maximum-intensity projection and selected PET/CT images (fused, PET and CT only) of patient with metastatic prostate cancer at 1 hour after injection. (B and C) Low uptake of Ga-68 PSMA-R2 in salivary and submandibular glands is also demonstrated. (D) Images show heterogeneous uptake of Ga-68 PSMA-R2 with varying degrees of intensity in multiple spine bone lesions (vertebral sclerotic lesion with intense PSMA-R2 expression at its periphery indicated with red arrow). HU = Houndsfield unit; SUVbw = body-weight SUV. Images and caption courtesy of the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
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Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) segmentation (shading) at noncontrast chest CT in axial orientation. Representative examples show EAT changes (ΔEAT) between baseline and two-year follow-up CT scans in participants who survived (typical changes) and increasing and decreasing EAT in participants who died. Images and caption courtesy of the RSNA.
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Images in an 18-year-old man with recurrent dislocations of the right shoulder. (A, B) Unenhanced coronal, (C) axial, and (D, E) sagittal deep learning super-resolution threefold parallel imaging -- accelerated turbo spin-echo MRI scans were obtained at 3-tesla field strength. (A) Coronal T2-weighted fat-suppressed (FS) and (B) coronal proton density (PD)-weighted MRI scans show a nondisplaced superior labral tear (arrows). (C) Axial proton density-weighted fat-suppressed, (D) sagittal T2-weighted fat-suppressed, and (E) sagittal T1-weighted MRI scans show continuation into a nondisplaced anteroinferior labral tear (arrows). All seven readers correctly diagnosed the arthroscopy-validated findings. (F) An arthroscopic photograph shows the anteroinferior labral tear (arrow). Image and caption courtesy of the RSNA.
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