Catherine Carrington

Cardiac MR reveals evidence of subendocardial ischemia in syndrome X

Syndrome X is characterized by a puzzling collection of findings including typical angina on exertion, the suggestion of myocardial ischemia on exercise stress testing, and normal coronary arteries on angiography. A study in The New England Journal of Medicine harnessed cardiac MR's superior resolution to provide a more detailed picture of subendocardial perfusion.

July 21, 2002

MRI

Contrast-enhanced MRI defines risk of breast microcalcifications

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions in women with mammographically detected microcalcifications, perhaps sparing them the need for surgical biopsy, according to U.K. researchers.

July 21, 2002

Molecular Imaging

FDG-PET signals early response of malignant GI tumors to Gleevec

PET is more accurate than CT for predicting whether patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumors will respond to a promising new chemotherapy drug, according to a study from the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Moreover, PET often signals the good news after only a day of therapy, long before the tumor has begun to shrink.

June 30, 2002

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Illustrations show the role of angiosome-to-tumor volume ratio (ATR) in different clinical scenarios based on tumor and treatment angiosome volume. The pale orange oval represents the tumor within the liver, and the pie-shaped region encompassed by the black lines represents the angiosome. (A) An adequate ATR (≥16) is reached when treating tumor and an accompanying appropriate volume of expendable surrounding normal parenchyma, such as a 2.5-cm tumor within a 150-mL treatment angiosome. Lower (inadequate) ATR can occur with superselective administrations, such as (B) attempting to treat a larger (4-cm) tumor within the same 150-mL angiosome, which proves suboptimal, and (C) attempting to treat the same 2.5-cm tumor within a reduced angiosome (40 mL).

Radiation segmentectomy can be optimized before liver transplant

As of 2023, yttrium 90 (Y-90) radioembolization has become the most frequently used local-regional therapy in the U.S. for bridging patients with HCC to liver transplant.

Cardiac devices affect mammography image quality

MRI reveals how hidden muscle fat increases risk to heart, metabolism

$Overview of the study design. (A) The fully automated deep learning framework was developed to estimate body composition (BC) (defined as subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT] in liters; visceral adipose tissue [VAT] in liters; skeletal muscle [SM] in liters; SM fat fraction [SMFF] as a percentage; and intramuscular adipose tissue [IMAT] in deciliters) from MRI. The fully automated framework comprised one model (model 1) to quantify different BC measures (SAT, VAT, SM, SMFF, and IMAT) as three-dimensional (3D) measures from whole-body MRI scans. The second model (model 2) was trained to identify standardized anatomic landmarks along the craniocaudal body axis (z coordinate field), which allowed for subdividing the whole-body measures into different subregions typically examined on clinical routine MRI scans (chest, abdomen, and pelvis). (B) BC was quantified from whole-body MRI in over 66,000 individuals from two large population-based cohort studies, the UK Biobank (UKB) (36,317 individuals) and the German National Cohort (NAKO) (30,291 individuals). Bar graphs show age distribution by sex and cohort. BMI = body mass index. (C) After the performance assessment of the fully automated framework, the change in BC measures, distributions, and profiles across age decades were investigated. Age-, sex-, and height-adjusted body composition reference curves were calculated and made publicly available in a web-based z-score calculator (https://circ-ml.github.io).$