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Eric Barnes
Nov 24, 2000
Leadinsmall
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Latest in Digital X-Ray
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Climate change boosts emergency department use of x-ray, CT
November 19, 2024
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Radiologists prefer local AI advice over global
November 19, 2024
Baby Infant Mom Closeup Social
Bone health normal in infants exposed to HIV medication
November 15, 2024
Dexa Hip
DEXA screening recommended in lung transplant patients
November 8, 2024
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Climate change boosts emergency department use of x-ray, CT
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Climate change's effects -- particularly higher outdoor heat and air pollution -- increase imaging use in the emergency department, especially x-ray and CT.
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Radiologists and other physicians tend to trust AI more when the algorithms provide local rather than global explanations of findings on chest x-rays.
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Bone health appears normal in infants born to women treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to prevent HIV infection.
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Patients undergoing lung transplant should be screened annually with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
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Dark-field x-ray detects bone changes related to osteoporosis
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Lateral conventional attenuation (a, b, e, f) and co-registered dark-field (c, d, g, h) images of two spine specimens. Vertical (a, c, e, g) and horizontal (b, d, f, h) scans of the spine specimen of a 77-year-old female with osteoporosis (bone mineral density = 65.75 mg/dL) (a–d) and a non-osteoporotic spine specimen (e–h) of a 61-year-old female (bone mineral density = 169.38 mg/dL).
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A PACS-integrated AI tool correctly identified pneumothorax on inpatient chest x-rays, prioritized scans, and improved radiologist reporting times.
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How do open-source LLMs compare with GPT-4 on x-ray reports?
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Freely available large language models (LLMs) may overcome limitations associated with proprietary models like GPT-4 when extracting findings from chest x-ray reports.
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AI lifts nonradiologists' x-ray interpretation skill levels
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NLPs show age bias when annotating chest x-rays
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Four natural language processing (NLP) tools for chest x-ray report annotation show high overall accuracy but exhibit age-related bias.
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AI performs well triaging lung x-rays in real-world settings
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XRAI (left) and GradCAM (right) heatmaps for true positive images. The original radiographs are on the left, the Grad-CAM activations and heatmaps are in the middle, and the XRAI activations and overlays are on the right. For the XRAI overlays, only regions reaching the 70th percentile of activation strength are shown. Images available under Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0 DEED, Attribution 4.0 International) and courtesy of PLOS Digital Health.
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